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<subfield code="a">(English) Bone defects pose a major clinical and socio-economic burden and there is a clear need for new bone grafting strategies that take into account the physical-chemical properties of the native bone, to help treat bone defects in a time- and cost-effective way. Autografts are considered the gold standard due to their biological performance, however, additional surgical procedures for bone harvesting poses drawbacks. For this reason, the industrial- and scientific communities have focused on the development of synthetic bone grafting solutions. The present PhD thesis advances in the development of biomimetic personalised bone grafting solutions, including the clinical validation and the development of new material formulations with improved mechanical performance. Chapter 1: Gives an insight into the general context of bone regeneration and the materials used as bone substitutes, emphasising the need for innovative personalised synthetic bone grafts. This chapter offers an overview of additive manufacturing techniques and frequently employed ceramics in bone tissue engineering and their consolidation strategies. Further, a global presentation is given on their clinical translation, especially emphasising calcium phosphates and MimetikOss® 3D. Chapter 2: Focuses on evaluating the clinical performance of the 3D-printed bone graft MimetikOss® 3D in a horizontal vestibular augmentation. The ridge in the anterior maxilla is reconstructed with a synthetic patient-specific bone graft with a staged approach for dental implant placement. 3D-printed bone grafts permit a perfect fit in the surgical site without any additional shaping, which reduces surgery time compared with other bone augmentation techniques (e.g., guided bone regeneration, standard blocks). The bone graft is completely osseointegrated and its macropores colonised by newly formed bone at 10-months post-surgery without signs of encapsulation. A stable bone gain is achieved, resulting in a fully restored bone width. Dental implants were placed without the need for regrafting and stayed stable at 1- year post-loading, demonstrating the clinical relevance of these bone grafts in vestibular bone augmentations. Chapter 3: Encompasses two routes for incorporating PLGA, as a binder or as a coating, to 3D-printed self-setting scaffolds, taking advantage of their low-temperature hardening, to enhance their mechanical performance. The addition of PLGA increases the capacity for plastic deformation, which significantly improves their toughness (by a 2.6-fold and 4.2-fold change in flexion for PLGA as a binder and as a coating, respectively; and by an 8-fold and 1.6-fold change in compression, respectively), while preserving the in vitro cell viability of MimetikOss® 3D (with MG-63 and hMSC cells). The configuration with PLGA as binder is the better option regarding the enhancement in mechanical performance and osteogenic differentiation (2-fold and 1.5-fold change increase for ALPL and RUNX2 expressions, respectively). Screwability tests demonstrate that the enhanced mechanical properties increase the fixability of the scaffolds in a complex fixation indication in the jaw. Chapter 4: Discusses the impact, limitations, and challenges of 3D-printed biomimetic bone grafts and emphasises the steps remaining before transferring the new technology to the market. It is shown that the developments made in this PhD thesis can be beneficial for the patients and have a positive impact on society. Composite patient-specific bone grafts have an impact on cost, time and performance of the future bone grafting solutions, and they strive towards added value in personalised medicine. This will help treat complex and large bone defects in a way that benefits both the clinician and the patient and encourages sustainable healthcare based on synthetic biomaterials. This technology was protected by a filed patent application, however, there is still work left before it can be translated to the market.</subfield>
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Se ha omitido la presentación del registro por ser demasiado largo. Si lo desea, puede descargárselo en el enlace anterior.
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Se ha omitido la presentación del registro por ser demasiado largo. Si lo desea, puede descargárselo en el enlace anterior.
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