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<dc:title>A critical review of superfoods from a holistic nutritional and environmental approach</dc:title>
<dc:creator>Fernández Ríos, Ana</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laso Cortabitarte, Jara</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoehn Capracci, Daniel</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amo Setien, Francisco José</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abajas Bustillo, Rebeca</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ortego Maté, María Carmen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fullana i Palmer, Pere</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bala Gala, Alba</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Batlle Bayer, Laura</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balcells Fluvià, Mercè</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puig Vidal, Rita</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aldaco García, Rubén</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Margallo Blanco, María</dc:creator>
<dc:contributor>Universidad de Cantabria</dc:contributor>
<dc:subject>Life cycle assessment (LCA)</dc:subject>
<dc:subject>LCA methodology</dc:subject>
<dc:subject>Nutritional properties</dc:subject>
<dc:subject>Environmental impacts</dc:subject>
<dc:subject>Health benefits</dc:subject>
<dc:subject>Future food</dc:subject>
<dc:description>In a global arena in which the identification of healthier and cleaner nutrient sources is practically mandatory, superfoods, known as foods of high nutritional and biological value with satisfactory bioavailability and bioactivity within the body due to extraordinary concentrations of nutrients and bioactive ingredients, can play a key role. These products are highly connected with sustainability, which is composed of an economic, environmental, and social balance, mainly translated in meeting nutritional needs. Focusing on the two latter aspects, this article is intended to provide a breakthrough in the knowledge by assessing the nutritional characteristics and environmental performance of superfoods. Firstly, a selection is made by revising the nutritional profile of different products. Secondly, a review of life cycle assessment (LCA) studies aims to establish guidelines for future analyses, based on the current state-of-art and possible recommendations, as well as to provide information on the impacts of these novel products. 40 superfoods are identified, of which only 15 have environmental analysis. The LCA revision enable to recognize methodological vulnerabilities based on the lack of definition of the function, allocations, uncertainty and quality assessments, as well as a weak justification on the selection of data sources and impact categories. Other recommendations include the possibility of using nutrient-based functional unit, extending system boundaries up to retailer, applying high quality primary data and standardized databases, and analyzing a wider range of indicators. Finally, this scientific field is still little explored, so the suitability of superfoods from an environmental perspective cannot be concluded, thus encouraging the use of LCA to fill this scientific gap.</dc:description>
<dc:description>Acknowledgements: This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the KAIROS-BIOCIR project (PID2019-104925RB) (AEO/FEDER, UE). Ana Fernández-Ríos thanks the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spanish Government for their financial support via the research fellowship RE2020-094029.</dc:description>
<dc:date>2023-01-13T15:46:23Z</dc:date>
<dc:date>2023-01-13T15:46:23Z</dc:date>
<dc:date>2022</dc:date>
<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
<dc:type>publishedVersion</dc:type>
<dc:identifier>0959-6526</dc:identifier>
<dc:identifier>1879-1786</dc:identifier>
<dc:identifier>PID2019-104925RB</dc:identifier>
<dc:identifier>https://hdl.handle.net/10902/27199</dc:identifier>
<dc:identifier>10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.134491</dc:identifier>
<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
<dc:relation>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.134491</dc:relation>
<dc:rights>Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International</dc:rights>
<dc:rights>© 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license</dc:rights>
<dc:rights>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/</dc:rights>
<dc:rights>openAccess</dc:rights>
<dc:publisher>Elsevier</dc:publisher>
<dc:source>Journal of Cleaner Production, 2022, 379(1), 134491</dc:source>
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<dc:contributor>Universidad de Cantabria</dc:contributor>
<dc:creator>Fernández Ríos, Ana</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laso Cortabitarte, Jara</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoehn Capracci, Daniel</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amo Setien, Francisco José</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abajas Bustillo, Rebeca</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ortego Maté, María Carmen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fullana i Palmer, Pere</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bala Gala, Alba</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Batlle Bayer, Laura</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balcells Fluvià, Mercè</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puig Vidal, Rita</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aldaco García, Rubén</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Margallo Blanco, María</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022</dc:date>
<dc:description lang="es_ES">In a global arena in which the identification of healthier and cleaner nutrient sources is practically mandatory, superfoods, known as foods of high nutritional and biological value with satisfactory bioavailability and bioactivity within the body due to extraordinary concentrations of nutrients and bioactive ingredients, can play a key role. These products are highly connected with sustainability, which is composed of an economic, environmental, and social balance, mainly translated in meeting nutritional needs. Focusing on the two latter aspects, this article is intended to provide a breakthrough in the knowledge by assessing the nutritional characteristics and environmental performance of superfoods. Firstly, a selection is made by revising the nutritional profile of different products. Secondly, a review of life cycle assessment (LCA) studies aims to establish guidelines for future analyses, based on the current state-of-art and possible recommendations, as well as to provide information on the impacts of these novel products. 40 superfoods are identified, of which only 15 have environmental analysis. The LCA revision enable to recognize methodological vulnerabilities based on the lack of definition of the function, allocations, uncertainty and quality assessments, as well as a weak justification on the selection of data sources and impact categories. Other recommendations include the possibility of using nutrient-based functional unit, extending system boundaries up to retailer, applying high quality primary data and standardized databases, and analyzing a wider range of indicators. Finally, this scientific field is still little explored, so the suitability of superfoods from an environmental perspective cannot be concluded, thus encouraging the use of LCA to fill this scientific gap.</dc:description>
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<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
<dc:publisher>Elsevier</dc:publisher>
<dc:source>Journal of Cleaner Production, 2022, 379(1), 134491</dc:source>
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<dc:subject lang="es_ES">Life cycle assessment (LCA)</dc:subject>
<dc:subject lang="es_ES">LCA methodology</dc:subject>
<dc:subject lang="es_ES">Nutritional properties</dc:subject>
<dc:subject lang="es_ES">Environmental impacts</dc:subject>
<dc:subject lang="es_ES">Health benefits</dc:subject>
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<dc:title lang="es_ES">A critical review of superfoods from a holistic nutritional and environmental approach</dc:title>
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